Daylight Saving Time ends, as Americans turn clocks back one hour tonight

Robert Lamm, the pianist and vocalist of the legendary American rock band Chicago wrote, “Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?” posing a timeless question (pun intended) that both the song and the debate over Daylight Saving Time continue to ask.

This weekend, we perform a familiar, semi-annual temporal dance. In the early hours of Sunday, November 2nd, at the stroke of 2 a.m., time itself will seem to bend.

Clocks will magically turn back to 1 a.m., granting a nation of weary souls a coveted extra hour of sleep.

This is the end of Daylight Saving Time (DST), our return to Standard Time.

As you enjoy that bonus sixty minutes of sleep, have you ever wondered why we engage in this nationwide clock-shifting ritual? The story is far more complex and intriguing than you might think.

More Than Just Farmers: The Surprising True Origin

The most common myth is that Daylight Saving Time was created for farmers. In reality, farmers have historically been one of the most vocal groups opposed to the practice.

Their schedules are dictated by the sun, not the clock; a sudden shift disrupts the delicate coordination with milking schedules, crop readiness, and the schedules of their markets and suppliers.

The true pioneer was an Englishman named William Willett. An avid golfer, he was frustrated by having to cut his rounds short as evening fell.

In 1907, he published a pamphlet titled “The Waste of Daylight,” passionately arguing for advancing the clocks in spring to make better use of the long summer evenings.

He proposed moving them forward by 20 minutes each Sunday in April, and back by the same amount each Sunday in September. His idea was initially met with ridicule.

The concept was finally adopted out of necessity, not for leisure, but for war.

During World War I, Germany and its allies were the first to implement DST in 1916 as a way to conserve coal by reducing the need for artificial lighting in the evenings.

The United States, along with Britain and other European nations, quickly followed suit. It was, in essence, a patriotic energy-saving measure.

The Modern-Day Pros and Cons: It’s Not Just About Sleep

While the initial goal was energy conservation, the debate over DST’s modern utility is more heated than ever.

The Perceived Benefits:

• Energy Savings (The Original Goal): Proponents argue that extending daylight into the evening reduces the need for lighting and can decrease electricity use. However, studies in recent years have shown these savings to be minimal or even negative, as decreased lighting use is often offset by increased demand for air conditioning in the late afternoon and heating on darker, colder mornings.
• Economic Activity: The barbecue, golf, and retail industries love DST. More evening daylight means people are more likely to go out, shop, and spend money after work.
• Safety and Recreation: Proponents argue that more daylight in the evening leads to a decrease in certain types of crime and encourages outdoor physical activity, which has public health benefits.

The Significant Drawbacks:

• Health Impacts: Our bodies run on a finely tuned internal clock known as the circadian rhythm. Abruptly shifting it, even by just an hour, can have measurable effects. Studies show a temporary increase in heart attacks, strokes, and workplace injuries in the days following the “spring forward” shift. While “falling back” is easier on the body, the overall bi-annual disruption is now seen by many sleep experts as detrimental to public health.
• The Mornings Are Darker: The immediate effect of “falling back” is a sudden plunge into darkness during the morning commute for weeks. This leads to a well-documented spike in pedestrian accidents, as both drivers and walkers adjust to the new light conditions.
• Economic Disruption: From missed appointments to confused travel schedules and IT costs for updating systems, the time change carries a real, if hard-to-quantify, economic cost.

A Nation Divided: The Push to “Lock the Clock”

The growing list of drawbacks has fueled a powerful movement to end the time-change practice altogether.

The U.S. Senate unanimously passed the Sunshine Protection Act in 2022, which would make Daylight Saving Time permanent year-round.

However, the bill stalled in the House and has not yet become law.

The debate then becomes: which time do we lock in?

• Permanent Standard Time (The Health Choice): Sleep experts and health advocates overwhelmingly support this option. Standard Time (what we are returning to in November) aligns more closely with the solar clock, meaning the sun is highest in the sky around noon. This is better for our natural circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles.
• Permanent Daylight Saving Time (The Economic/Lifestyle Choice): This is what the Sunshine Protection Act proposes. It would provide an extra hour of evening daylight year-round, which is popular for commerce and recreation, but would lead to very dark winter mornings, with the sun not rising in some northern regions until after 8:30 a.m.

Your To-Do List for the Time Change

While the national debate continues, the shift is still upon us. Beyond setting your manual clocks back before you go to bed on Saturday, November 1st, here are a few smart ways to use this annual reminder:

1. Check Your Alarms: Fire safety officials have long tied the time change to a crucial public service announcement. Use this moment to test the batteries in your smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors. Replace them if necessary—it’s a simple step that saves lives.
2. Embrace the “Gift” of Time: Instead of just sleeping in, consider using your extra hour productively. Go for a walk in the newly lit morning, enjoy a leisurely breakfast, or finally organize that junk drawer. It’s a rare opportunity to feel like you’ve truly gained time.
3. Adjust Gradually: If you have young children or are sensitive to schedule changes, try adjusting your routine by 15-minute increments over the preceding days to make the transition smoother.

So as you turn back the clock tonight, remember that you’re participating in a tradition born from war, debated by scientists, and lobbied for by industries.

That extra hour of sleep is a small, personal benefit in a much larger, ongoing conversation about how we choose to live with the light we’re given.