A team of UN human rights experts have appealed to Iran to halt the imminent execution of Iranian Kurdish prisoner Heidar Ghorbani and repeal his death sentence amid serious concerns that he did not receive a fair trial and was tortured during pre-trial detention.
“The Iranian authorities must immediately halt the execution of Heidar Ghorbani and annul the death sentence against him and grant him a retrial in compliance with their international obligations,” the experts said.
Ghorbani, 48, was arrested in October 2016 in connection with the alleged killing of three men affiliated with the Basij paramilitary forces, one of the five forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
Those soldiers were reportedly killed by individuals associated with an armed Kurdish opposition group. For three months after his arrest, he was subjected to enforced disappearance, as no information was provided to his family on his fate and whereabouts. He was reportedly held in solitary confinement and subjected to torture and ill-treatment.
“We are seriously concerned that Mr. Ghorbani’s eventual confession was forced as a result of torture and ill-treatment,” said the experts, who are Javaid Rehman, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran; Tae-Ung Baik (Chair-Rapporteur), Henrikas Mickevičius (Vice-Chair), Aua Baldé, Gabriella Citroni , Luciano A. Hazan, the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; Morris Tidball-Binz, Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions; Fernand de Varennes, Special Rapporteur on minority issues; Nils Melzer, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
They also expressed concerns about reports that Mr. Ghorbani was denied access to a lawyer during the investigation, and that his lawyer did not have full access to his case file during the trial.
In October 2019, a criminal court convicted Ghorbani of aiding and abetting murder, attempted kidnapping and assisting the perpetrators of the attack to escape. He was sentenced to a total of 118 years and 6 months in prison.
In January 2020, a Revolutionary Court in Kurdistan Province convicted Ghorbani of baghi (armed rebellion against the state) and sentenced him to the death, despite acknowledging in the verdict that Ghorbani was never armed.
Iran’s Criminal Code stipulates that in order to establish the crime of baghi, the defendant must be a member of an armed group and personally resort to arms. During his trial, Ghorbani denied all charges, stating that he was not a member of a Kurdish political organization and never had a weapon when the victims were killed.
In August 2020, the Supreme Court of Iran upheld the death sentence against Ghorbani. His requests for a judicial review by the Supreme Court were rejected in September 2020 and August 2021. His sentence may be carried out at any time.
“In the case of Heidar Ghorbani, many foundational guarantees of fair trial and due process enshrined in international human rights law appear to have been violated,” the experts said. “Allegations of torture and confessions extracted under duress are extremely concerning, as is the fact that these allegations did not lead to any investigation and appear not to have been considered by the court during his trial.
“It is regrettable that the government continues to issue death sentences,” the experts added. “This is particularly concerning when the crimes do not meet the threshold of the ‘most serious crimes’ as required by international law, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iran is a State party.
“It is also troubling that courts continue to issue death sentences in trials that not only breach international fair trial standards, but even domestic law and due process guarantees. Once again, we call on Iran to impose an immediate moratorium on executions and commute all death sentences.”
The experts have previously raised concerns with the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran about the death sentence and fair trials violations against Mr. Ghorbani. The Government sent comments in response.
According to the Minority Rights Group, Kurds make up around 10 percent of Iran’s population but face a host of legal, structural and economic barriers in the Persian-majority country.
Schools were forbidden from teaching the Kurdish language in 2014, and “there are high levels of property confiscation and governmental neglect in the Kurdish region of north-west Iran,” the MRG said.
They also “experience poor housing and living conditions because of forced resettlement,” and the “expropriation of rural land for large-scale agricultural plantations and petrochemical plants which pollute the surrounding environment.”
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