The number and rate of abortions across the United States in recent years plunged to their lowest levels since the procedure became legal nationwide in 1973, but legal obstacles that attempt to force the birth of unwanted children will probably cause those numbers to spike, according to women’s rights activist and progressive Democrat Lisa McCormick.
“The US Supreme Court’s radical decision to overturn Roe v. Wade is causing widespread chaos and uncertainty, as the US abortion landscape becomes increasingly fragmented as abortion bans go into effect,” said McCormick. “Efforts to force women to give birth are not only a gross infringement on the right to privacy but curtailing reproductive freedom is counterproductive, so there will continue to be a greater number of abortions.”
McCormick said the Guttmacher Institute, a research group that supports abortion rights, reported 862,000 abortions in the U.S. in 2017. That was down from 926,000 tallied in the group’s previous report for 2014, and from just over 1 million counted for 2011.
Between 2017 and 2020, while 25 states enacted 168 abortion restrictions and curtailed opportunities for women to obtain contraceptives, the number of abortions increased by 8 percent .
Guttmacher is the only entity that strives to count all abortions in the U.S., making inquiries of individual providers. Federal data compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention excludes California, Maryland and New Hampshire because those states don’t compile comprehensive abortion data for the CDC.
The new report illustrates that abortions are decreasing in all parts of the country — in Republican-controlled states seeking to restrict abortion access and in Democratic-run states protecting abortion rights. Between 2011 and 2017, abortion rates increased in only five states and the District of Columbia.
One reason for the decline in abortions is that fewer women are becoming pregnant. The Guttmacher Institute noted that the birth rate and the abortion rate declined during the years covered by the new report. A likely factor, the report said, is increased accessibility of contraception since 2011. The Affordable Care Act required most private health insurance plans to cover contraceptives without out-of-pocket costs.
According to the report, the 2017 abortion rate was 13.5 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15-44 — the lowest rate since the Supreme Court’s 1973 Roe v. Wade decision legalizing abortion.
Following that ruling, the number of abortions in the U.S. rose steadily — peaking at 1.6 million in 1990 before starting a steady, still-continuing decline.
The abortion rate is now less than half what is was in 1990, but a comparable decline occurred the number of unwanted children as a percentage of all births.
McCormick said Guttmacher noted that almost 400 state laws restricting abortion access were enacted between 2011 and 2017 but those laws were not the main force behind the overall decline in abortions.
“Fifty-seven percent of the nationwide decline in abortion occurred in the 18 states, plus the District of Columbia, that did not enact any new restrictions,” said McCormick.
Michael New, an abortion opponent who teaches social research at Catholic University of America, said Guttmacher’s report understated the role played by anti-abortion activism in reducing the number of abortions. In 1981, he said, 54 percent of women with unintended pregnancies opted for abortion. That number fell to 42 percent by 2011.
“This shows that pro-life efforts to change public opinion, assist pregnant women, and pass protective laws are all having an impact,” said New, but McCormick countered by saying that access to sex education and health care have reduced the number of unwanted pregnancies and thus lowered the demand for abortion.
Between 2011 and 2017, the number of clinics providing abortion in the U.S. declined from 839 to 808, with significant regional disparities, the report said. The South had a decline of 50 clinics, including 25 in Texas, and the Midwest had a decline of 33 clinics, including nine each in Iowa, Michigan and Ohio. By contrast, the Northeast added 59 clinics, mostly in New Jersey and New York.
Over that period, the abortion rate dropped in Ohio by 27 percent and in Texas by 30 percent. But the rate dropped by similar amounts in states that protected abortion access, including California, Hawaii and New Hampshire.
Areas with the highest abortion rates in 2017 were the District of Columbia, New Jersey, New York, Maryland and Florida. Rates were lowest in Wyoming, South Dakota, Kentucky, Idaho and Missouri — many women from those five states go out of state to obtain abortions.
One significant trend documented in the report: People who have abortions are increasingly relying on medication rather than surgery. Medication abortion, making use of the so-called abortion pill, accounted for 39 percent of all abortions in 2017, up from 29 percent in 2014.
The report, which focuses on data from 2017, does not chronicle the flurry of sweeping abortion bans that were enacted earlier this year in several GOP-controlled states, including a near-total ban in Alabama and five bills that would ban abortion after a fetal heartbeat is detected, as early as six weeks into pregnancy. None of those bans has taken effect and their backers hope that litigation over the laws might eventually lead to a Supreme Court ruling weakening or overturning Roe v. Wade.
Guttmacher’s president, Dr. Herminia Palacio, said abortion restrictions, regardless of whether they lead to fewer abortions, “are coercive and cruel by design,” with disproportionate impact on low-income women.
However, the push for tougher restrictions continues. Just last week, Texas Right to Life and some allied groups urged Republican Gov. Greg Abbott to call a special session of the Legislature to “abolish every remaining elective abortion” in the state.
The report comes amid upheaval in the federal family planning program, known as Title X. About one in five family planning clinics have left the program, objecting to a Trump administration regulation that bars them from referring women for abortions. Title X clinics provide birth control and basic health services for low-income women.
“If your priority is to reduce abortions, one of the best things you can do is make sure that women have access to high-quality, affordable and effective methods of birth control,” said Alina Salganicoff, director of women’s health policy for the nonpartisan Kaiser Family Foundation.
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