Bold action needed now to address ‘cataclysmic’ situation in Haiti

Immediate and bold action is required to tackle the “cataclysmic” situation in Haiti, the UN human rights office, OHCHR, said in a report issued on Thursday. 

Corruption, impunity and poor governance, compounded by increasing levels of gang violence, have eroded the rule of law in the Caribbean country and brought state institutions close to collapse.

The impact of generalised insecurity on the population is dire and deteriorating, severely affecting human rights.

“Tackling insecurity must be a top priority to protect the population and prevent further human suffering. It is equally important to protect institutions essential to the rule of law, which have been attacked to their very core,” said UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk. 

The report covers the period from 25 September 2023 to 29 February 2024 and includes information provided by both the Human Rights Service of the UN’s special political mission in Haiti, BINUH, and the High Commissioner’s designated expert on the human rights situation in the country, William O’Neil. 

Killings and sexual violence 

The number of casualties of gang violence significantly increased in 2023, with 4,451 people killed and 1,668 injured.

The number of victims skyrocketed in the first three months of this year, with 1,554 killed and 826 injured up to 22 March. 

Gangs continued to use sexual violence to brutalise, punish and control people, the report found.

Women have been raped during gang attacks on neighborhoods, in many cases after seeing their husbands killed in front of them. 

Some women are forced into exploitative sexual relations with gang members. In addition, the rape of hostages continues to be used to strongarm families into paying ransoms. Sexual violence remains severely underreported and largely unpunished.

Gangs recruit children 

Gangs continue to recruit and abuse children – both boys and girls – who are unable to leave their ranks for fear of retaliation. 

In some instances, young gang members have been killed for trying to escape. Daily life is also disrupted by restrictions imposed by gangs on the movement of people, goods and services.

With gang violence intensifying, and the national police unable to counter it, so-called “self-defense brigades” have continued to emerge and take justice into their own hands, the report said. At least 528 cases of lynching were reported in 2023 and a further 59 this year. 

Additionally, despite an arms embargo, there is a reliable supply of weapons and ammunition for the gangs coming through porous borders, resulting in the groups often having superior firepower to the police.  

The report calls for tighter national and international controls to stem weapons and ammunition trafficking into Haiti and reiterates the need for the urgent deployment of a multinational security support (MSS) mission to back up the police force. 

The UN Security Council authorised the mission’s deployment in October 2023, and Kenya has offered to lead it. 

“It is essential that the mission effectively integrates human rights into the conduct of its operations and establishes a compliance mechanism to mitigate and minimise harm,” Türk said.  

Call for accountability 

However, enhancing security alone will not bring long-lasting solutions, according to the report, which called for policies aimed at restoring the rule of law and preventing violence.

“Widespread corruption and dysfunction of the justice system greatly contribute to the pervasive impunity for grave human rights violations, and they need to be addressed urgently,” said Türk. 

“Accountability is paramount to restore public trust in the rule of law and the state institutions,” he added.